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The invisible grammar of power. Technologies of automatic moderation and political control of online language

Whereas linguistic power was once exercised through explicit prohibitions and recognisable censorship, today it lurks in the invisible infrastructure that regulates communication. Automatic content moderation does not impose explicit silences, but rather constructs environments in which certain phrases, words, hashtags and names disappear without a trace, pushed to the margins by the very architecture of the network.

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Plug-and-Play Language. A living, situated grammar, updated like a feed

There is a language that isn’t taught, corrected, or—least of all—asks for our permission. A language that flows elsewhere, parallel yet not peripheral, generated in the streams of chats, voice notes, Discord servers, livestreams, reels, shaping an entire syntax. It’s a language that boots up; its verbs are not names of things in the world but direct gestures, operational segments, shortcuts.

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The Delirious Machine. Poetics of Algorithmic Hallucination

In the language produced by AI, a fundamental paradox emerges: a form may appear functional yet may not always carry meaning. Artificial language models, particularly large ones (LLMs, or Large Language Models), generate texts with precise syntactic and grammatical coherence but which may prove semantically unfounded, inconsistent, or entirely fabricated. This phenomenon, known as “hallucination”, is the structural effect of a system lacking direct knowledge of what we recognise as reality, relying instead on calculating the probability of one word following another, based on patterns extracted from vast textual corpora.